Types of Textiles
(Contd. from page 2...)
Production of cotton:
When cotton arrives at a textile mill, several blenders feed cotton into cleaning machines, which mix the cotton, break it into smaller pieces and remove trash. The cotton is sucked through a pipe into picking machines. Beaters in these machines strike the cotton repeatedly to knock out dirt and separate lumps of cotton into smaller pieces.
Cotton then goes to the carding machine, where the fibers are separated. Trash and short fibers are removed. Some cotton goes through a comber that removes more short fibers and makes a stronger, more lustrous yarn.
This is followed by spinning processes which do three jobs: draft the cotton, or reduce it to smaller structures, straighten and parellel the fibers and lastly, put twist into the yarn. The yarns are then made into cloth by weaving, knitting or other processes.
After inspectors check the cloth, it is passed through a gas flame that singes the fuzz off its surface. Boiling the cloth in an alkaline solution removes natural waxes, coloured substances or disclourations. Then the cloth is bleached in hypochlorite or peroxide. The cloth may then pass through a machine that prints designs on it. Cloth intended to be solid-coloured goes thorugh a dye bath.
Care of your cotton garment:
For fabrics made of 100% cotton:
- Set your washing machine to the low setting.
- Wash the cloth in cold water.
- Set your iron to Medium to iron it.
- Do not bleach the cloth.
- Hang to dry but do not tumble dry.
50% Cotton and 50% Polyester:
- Turn it inside out and machine wash with warm water.
- Wash with fabrics that are of light colours.
- Use only non-chlorine bleach to bleach the cloth.
- Tumble dry with a medium setting.
- Set your iron to medium for ironing.
Properties of the cotton:
- It is soft and comfortable.
- It wrinkles easily.
- It absorbs perspiration quickly.
- It has good colour retention and is good to print on.
- Cotton is also strong and durable.
Uses:
Cotton is used to make blouses, shirts, singlets, shorts, bermudas, jackets and pants. It can also be made into bedspreads, pillowcases, carpets and curtains.
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